Cymbal muting

A lot of the information in this article deals with implementing sampled hi-hats and cymbals in general, and although the code examples are in SFZ, the principles should also apply to other samplers, or even synthesized cymbals. Muting previously played notes is important with monophonic instruments, such as flutes or trumpets. With hi-hats, it is also crucial to sounding like a hi-hat - an open hi-hat hit will be muted in real life when the hi-hat pedal is closed. Let’s start with a simple hi-hat with closed hit, foot chik, half-open and open samples, with the latter two on the same key and degree of openness selected by MIDI CC 4 - the common hi-hat pedal assignment in electronic drum kits.

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64

Simple self-muting #

The above hi-hat has no muting implemented, so playing a closed hit after an open one would result in the open hit unrealistically continuing to ring. The simplest way to take care of that is to put all the regions in the same ‹group› and use off_by to make that group mute itself - that will mean any hi-hat hit will mute any currently playing hi-hat hit. Setting off_mode to normal and using ampeg_release or off_time to set the time it takes for the previous sample to fade out also helps this sound a bit more natural.

<group>
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.07
<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav group=1 off_by=1
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav group=1 off_by=1
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63 group=1 off_by=1
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64 group=1 off_by=1

Hierarchical self-muting #

This is the way many virtual drum kits work, but it is not fully satisfactory if, for example, playing a ride pattern on an open hi-hat. Things do start getting more complicated here, though, and many developers feel that it’s enough to stop here, just implement the above rules, and have a reasonably working virtual hi-hat. For those who want more, however, Peter L. Jones has developed a hierarchy of muting, where hits which are more closed mute hits that are more open, but hits which are more open do not mute hits which are more closed. Hits also don’t mute hits with the same degree of openness.

So, chiks mute all hits, closed hits mute any partially open hits but not chiks or closed hits etc. With this amount of degrees of openness, half-open hits would mute open hits, and open hits would mute nothing. So, we need to put each hi-hat articulation in a different group. This, however, means we need a group which mutes several other groups, and regions in a group cannot have multiple or varying off_by values. So, what we have to do is use silence - either the silence* setting of sample ARIA extension, or an actual file of a short silence. Note that the silence samples also have to have off_by settings the same as the hi-hat samples in their mute group. Also, since group 1 doesn’t mute anything, we don’t need to add any silence regions to that group. Note that the group opcode used here and the ‹group› header are completely separate concepts - “group” for the remainder of this article refers to the opcode, not the header, though group headers are also used in the code examples.

<group>
// Here are the hi-hat samples
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.07

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav group=3 off_by=4
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav group=4
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63 group=2 off_by=3
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64 group=1 off_by=2

<group>group=2 off_by=3
// The range which mutes open hi-hats - that is, everything except open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63

<group>group=3 off_by=4
// The range which mutes half-open and open hi-hats - that is, closed and chik
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44

<group>group=4
// The range which mutes closed, half-open and open hi-hats - that is, just chik
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=44

Special treatment of foot splashes #

The above isn’t perfect - for example, fully opening up a hi-hat after playing a hard half-open hit in the real world would stop the clashes between the top and bottom, effectively stopping a half-open sound and replacing it with quieter open ringing - but it is a reasonable compromise covering various degrees of openness. Also, the more degrees of openness there are, the more groups will be needed.

There are, however, more hi-hat articulations possible. One which has special behavior when it comes to muting is the foot splash - closing the hi-hat with the pedal, then quickly reopening it. This articulation needs to mute itself, because playing one foot splash after another involves closing the hi-hat, which will mute the ringing.

Whether the splash should mute other types of hits is an open question, however. Splashes, especially gentler ones, involve only momentary contact of the cymbal edges and not complete closure. Whether an open hi-hat hit followed by a splash sounds better when the splash mutes the open hit is left as a decision to the reader.

The below example has the splash muting everything else, except for pedal chiks, because it invovles closing the hi-hat fully. So, if a kit has foot splash samples (for which there is no standard general MIDI note assignment, so let’s use 54 here - an octave above the chik, though in general MIDI that’s supposed to be the cowbell note), we’d need to set up one more group, and have that mute itself. It will also need to be muted by all other types of hi-hat hits, except for fully open hits.

<group>
//Here are the hi-hat samples
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.07

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav group=4 off_by=5
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav group=5
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63 group=3 off_by=4
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64 group=2 off_by=3
<region>key=54 sample=hh_splash.wav group=1 off_by=1

<group>group=1 off_by=1
//The range which mutes foot splashes - everything except open and foot splash
//Foot splash mutes itself, but this group does not include the foot splash key
//That's because the foot splash samples themselves are in the same group
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46

<group>group=3 off_by=4
//The range which mutes open hi-hats - that is, everything except open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63
<region> key=54

<group>group=4 off_by=5
//The range which mutes half-open and open hi-hats - that is, closed, chik and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=54

<group>group=5
//The range which mutes closed, half-open and open hi-hats - that is, just chik and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=44
<region> key=54

Limiting polyphony #

This works reasonably well. Another potential refinement is to also avoid excessive buildup when the more open articulations (which with some hi-hat pairs can ring for upwards of 20 seconds), while still allowing enough for ride patterns on an open hi-hat to sound right. We can do this by using the polyphony opcode to put a limit on the number of polyphony voices used by a specific group. Note this must be set for the silence regions, also, so that every region in a group will have the same off_by and polyphony as all the other regions in that group. Polyphony of 4 for the open hi-hats and 3 for the half-open are judgment calls. Drier cymbals and articulations with less sustain will generally sound realistic with lower numbers here, and brushes might need a lower number than sticks. Limiting the polyphony for the more closed articulations is not necessary in practice, unless playing unrealistically dense trap hi-hat patterns, because they don’t ring very long anyway. Limiting the polyphony for the foot splash is not necessary at all, because it mutes itself.

<group>
//Here are the hi-hat samples
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.07

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav group=4 off_by=5
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav group=5
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63 group=3 off_by=4 polyphony=3
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64 group=2 off_by=3 polyphony=4
<region>key=54 sample=hh_splash.wav group=1 off_by=1

<group>group=1 off_by=1
//The range which mutes foot splashes
//All sounds except open mute foot splashes, but this group does not include the foot splash key
//That's because the foot splash samples are in the same group, and will mute anything else
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63

<group>group=3 off_by=4 polyphony=3
//The range which mutes open hi-hats - that is, everything except open and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63
<region> key=54

<group>group=4 off_by=5
//The range which mutes half-open and open hi-hats - that is, closed, chik and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=54

<group>group=5
//The range which mutes closed, half-open and open hi-hats - that is, just chik and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=44

Edge cases #

The above can sound strange when a hard hi-hat hit is being muted by a much quieter one. If the hit doing the muting is both quiet and short, it can be practically inaudible, and the resulting sound seems to only be the open hit, suddenly fading out. This is especially risky if using amp_veltrack set to 100, which will make hits with very low velocity extremely quiet, or if the lowest dynamic layers of more closed hits and foot chiks are recorded very quietly.

Lowering amp_veltrack for the lowest velocity layers is one potential way to reduce this problem, as is setting amp_velcurve_1 to some value around 0.2 to 0.5 (higher values if there are more dynamic layers).

In real life, however, a hard open hi-hat hit would have reduced in volume before the start of the soft closed hit, as the pedal needs to be closed before a closed hit can be made. This would, of course, cause many edge clashes along the way, which we do not have a way to emulate. However, it is possible to use the pedal’s MIDI CC to make the open sample quieter outside of the range where the open hi-hat sample would be triggered. This can be done by modulating the hi-hat’s amplitude, and applying a ‹curve› which will keep the amplitude at 100% unless the pedal is a good deal more closed than it was when the sample was triggered.

<group>
//Here are the hi-hat samples
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.07

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed.wav group=4 off_by=5
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik.wav group=5
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open.wav hicc4=63 group=3 off_by=4 amplitude_cc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open.wav locc4=64 group=2 off_by=3 amplitude_cc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
<region>key=54 sample=hh_splash.wav group=1 off_by=1

<curve>curve_index=21
v000=0.13
v037=0.8
v077=1
v127=1

<curve>curve_index=22
v000=0.1
v037=0.7
v077=1
v127=1

Using smoothing on the amplitude modulation helps avoid sudden jumps, though playing an open hit, closing the hi-hat pedal most of the way and then reopening it will still result in obviously unrealistic volume fluctuations. So, this is not a perfect solution by any means.

It’s probably better to do this by using a volume envelope and using CC4 to modulate its decay time, with the sustain set to a low level. and the ampeg_dynamic opcode set to 1 so that moving the pedal will cause the decay time to be recalculated. However, that has not been tested yet, as the author’s test kit was already using envelopes on the hi-hat to emulate drier cymbals.

Also, applying this to splash samples, which involve the pedal starting closed and opening rapidly, is another problem which requires a solution.

Multimic samples #

So far, each hi-hat articulation has only one sample, which will obviously not be the case in most virtual drum kits. This does not add much complexity, though, as the samples for each degree of openness simply need to all be in the same group. All half-open samples, for example, including all round robins, all velocity layers, can share the same group.

If there are separate articulations for each degree of openness, such as shank, tip and bell, those can also all be on the same group. Brushes, sticks and mallets can often also share the same groups, unless the brushes need lower polyphony numbers. However, if there are separate samples for different microphones and the groups are self-muting, they will need to be in different groups. In the current example, only the footsplash is self-muting, but if using the simpler rules where all hi-hat articulations mute all others, all groups are self-muting. So, having separate close hi-hat mic and a stereo overhead pair would mean twice as many of those groups (assuming the stereo overheads are in the L and R channel of the same sample), and close hi-hat, stereo overheads, close room and far room would mean four times as many. The polyphony numbers for groups which have polyphony will also have to be multiplied by the same factor. Here is an example with close and overhead, with slightly longer fadeout times for the more distant overhead mics:

<group>
//Here are the hi-hat samples
off_mode=normal

<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed_close.wav group=4 off_by=5 ampeg_release=0.12
<region>key=42 sample=hh_closed_oh.wav group=4 off_by=5 ampeg_release=0.2
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik_close.wav group=5 ampeg_release=0.12
<region>key=44 sample=hh_chik_oh.wav group=5 ampeg_release=0.2
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open_close.wav hicc4=63 group=3 off_by=4 polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.12
<region>key=46 sample=hh_half_open_oh.wav hicc4=63 group=3 off_by=4 polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.2
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open_close.wav locc4=64 group=2 off_by=3 polyphony=8 ampeg_release=0.12
<region>key=46 sample=hh_open_oh.wav locc4=64 group=2 off_by=3 polyphony=8 ampeg_release=0.2
<region>key=54 sample=hh_splash_close.wav group=1 off_by=1 ampeg_release=0.12
<region>key=54 sample=hh_splash_oh.wav group=11 off_by=11 ampeg_release=0.2

<group>group=1 off_by=1
//The range which mutes foot splashes for the close mic
//All sounds except open mute foot splashes, but this group does not include the foot splash key
//That's because the foot splash samples are in the same group, and will mute anything else
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63

<group>group=11 off_by=11
//The range which mutes foot splashes for the overhead mics
//All sounds mute foot splashes, but this group does not include the foot splash key
//That's because the foot splash samples are in the same group, and will mute anything else
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63

<group>group=3 off_by=4 polyphony=3
//The range which mutes open hi-hats for both close and overhead mics - that is, everything except open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=46 hicc4=63
<region> key=54

<group>group=4 off_by=5
//The range which mutes half-open and open hi-hats - that is, closed, chik and foot splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=42
<region> key=44
<region> key=54

<group>group=5
//The range which mutes closed, half-open and open hi-hats - that is, just chik
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=44

Header organization #

That is as complex as it gets, though there are a few minor points to be aware of. Many drum kits with round robins will set seq_length at the ‹global› level, and in those cases, the silence regions would only trigger for the first hit in the round robin sequence, unless they have seq_length set to 1 to override the global setting. Also, the ‹master› header level and #include statement are useful ARIA extensions for keeping deeply sampled hi-hat mappings organized.

Cymbals other than hi-hats #

Cymbals other than hi-hats are simpler, but there are two considerations when muting those. One is limiting polyphony, which is especially important with cymbals intended for playing rolls, and with jazz ride cymbals (rock/metal rides which primarily use the bell articulation, not as much). The other is that it’s also possible to record separate choke samples, and have those mute everything else. A ride with bell, bow and edge articulations, choke samples and overhead and room mics might be set up like below. Note that while each articulation has its own groups and different polyphony limits, all articulations for each mic have the same off_by value, which is the group value of the choke samples for that mic. It would not be necessary to have this many groups to implement muting, but this setup would also allow a mapping using only the overhead mics and no room mic to be created without breaking anything, as each mic’s samples have separate groups. Having different polyphony numbers for different mics can result in an inconsistent sound, so it is not recommended.

<group>
off_mode=normal

//Bow hits
<region>
key=51 group=30 off_by=33 polyphony=5 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_bow_oh.wav
<region>
key=51 group=40 off_by=43 polyphony=5 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_bow_rm.wav

//Bell hits
<region>
key=53 group=31 off_by=33 polyphony=4 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_bell_oh.wav
<region>
key=53 group=41 off_by=43 polyphony=4 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_bell_rm.wav

//Edge hits (crashes)
<region>
key=59 group=32 off_by=33 polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_edge_oh.wav
<region>
key=59 group=42 off_by=43 polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_edge_rm.wav

//Edge chokes
<region>
key=71 ampeg_attack=0.15 group=33
sample=ride_choke_oh.wav
<region>
key=71 ampeg_attack=0.15 group=43
sample=ride_choke_rm.wav

It is also possible to use note_polyphony here, which has the advantage of allowing note_selfmask to be used. This is good when a hard hit is followed by several lighter ones on the same cymbal - using polyphony, the quieter hits will mute the loud one when the polyphony limit is reached, which can result in the louder hit’s sustain suddenly and unrealistically vanishing. However, this can cause problems with hi-hats where one MIDI note needs to trigger several silence groups as well. This is why Virtuosity Drums has the hi-hat regions set with note_polyphony=MAX, though there might be a better way.

Note_polyphony is also separated by keys; while the polyphony limit under a group can be tracked together for several keys under one group, note_polyphony is tracked separately for each MIDI note value.

The above example modified to use note_polyphony instead of polyphony would look like this:

<group>
off_mode=normal

//Bow hits
<region>
key=51 group=30 off_by=33 note_polyphony=5 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_bow_oh.wav
<region>
key=51 group=40 off_by=43 note_polyphony=5 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_bow_rm.wav

//Bell hits
<region>
key=53 group=31 off_by=33 note_polyphony=4 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_bell_oh.wav
<region>
key=53 group=41 off_by=43 note_polyphony=4 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_bell_rm.wav

//Edge hits (crashes)
<region>
key=59 group=32 off_by=33 note_polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.3
sample=ride_edge_oh.wav
<region>
key=59 group=42 off_by=43 note_polyphony=6 ampeg_release=0.4
sample=ride_edge_rm.wav

//Edge chokes
<region>
key=71 ampeg_attack=0.15 group=33
sample=ride_choke_oh.wav
<region>
key=71 ampeg_attack=0.15 group=43
sample=ride_choke_rm.wav

Another approach to limiting polyphony #

If there is no need have a choke group, it’s possible to limit the polyphony of a cymbal in a way which is more controllable, by having it self-mute but making the fadeout time of the previous samples long. This cannot be done when chokes are required, because chokes need a fast fadeout, but it is another option which allows how much dense patterns on a cymbal will build up to be controlled with a MIDI CC parameter - the polyphony opcode cannot be modulated by MIDI CC, but ampeg_release can. Here is how that might work using CC 100 to modulate the time, with different maximum times for different articulations, as in general edge hits will build up the most and bell hits the least. Of course, it’s not very possible to modulate the buildup of a cymbal in the real world, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be useful in the sampled world.

<group>
off_mode=normal
ampeg_release=0.1

//Bow hits
<region>
key=51 group=30 off_by=30
ampeg_release_oncc100=5
sample=ride_bow_oh.wav
<region>
key=51 group=40 off_by=40
ampeg_release_oncc100=5.7
sample=ride_bow_rm.wav

//Bell hits
<region>
key=53 group=31 off_by=31
ampeg_release_oncc100=3
sample=ride_bell_oh.wav
<region>
key=53 group=41 off_by=41
ampeg_release_oncc100=3.5
sample=ride_bell_rm.wav

//Edge hits (crashes)
<region>
key=59 group=32 off_by=32
ampeg_release_oncc100=7
sample=ride_edge_oh.wav
<region>
key=59 group=42 off_by=42
ampeg_release_oncc100=8
sample=ride_edge_rm.wav

Deep-sampled hi-hat example #

Putting most of the above knowledge together into a complex example can result in long SFZ files, but the principles themselves remain the same. The mapping for a deeply sampled hi-hat with tightly closed, closed, loosely closed, quarter open, half open, open, foot chik, foot splash and pedal return samples, with separate shank and tip hits for tightly closed, closed, loosely closed and quarter open might look like this:

<control>
//Key assignments - hi-hat
#define $htclstkey 42
#define $htchkkey 44
#define $htvartkey 46
#define $htclsskey 54
#define $htsplkey 56
#define $htvarskey 58
#define $htretkey 68

//Hi-hat CC ranges - order for keyboard/sequencing use
//E-kit pedal should be backwards
#define $ht_lo_hi_init 127
#define $ht_cl_lo 0
#define $ht_cl_hi 25
#define $ht_lc_lo 26
#define $ht_lc_hi 51
#define $ht_qo_lo 52
#define $ht_qo_hi 76
#define $ht_ho_lo 77
#define $ht_ho_hi 102
#define $ht_open_lo 103
#define $ht_open_hi 127

#define $mg_open_lo 0
#define $mg_open_hi 102
#define $mg_ho_lo 0
#define $mg_ho_hi 76
#define $mg_qo_lo 0
#define $mg_qo_hi 51
#define $mg_lc_lo 0
#define $mg_lc_hi 25

label_cc4=Hi-hat position
label_cc100=Hi-hat close
label_cc101=Hi-hat OH

set_cc4=$ht_lo_hi_init
set_cc100=40
set_cc101=100

<global> loop_mode=one_shot
seq_length=4
ampeg_release=0.12
amp_velcurve_1=0.4

//Foot chiks

<master> key=$htchkkey amplitude_cc100=100
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_chik_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htchkkey amplitude_cc101=100
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_chik_oh.sfz"

//Stick tip hits

<master> key=$htclstkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=11 off_by=10
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_tc_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htclstkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=21 off_by=20 ampeg_release=0.2
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_tc_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=12 off_by=11
locc4=$ht_cl_lo hicc4=$ht_cl_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_cl_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=22 off_by=21 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_cl_lo hicc4=$ht_cl_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_cl_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=13 off_by=12
locc4=$ht_lc_lo hicc4=$ht_lc_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_lc_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=23 off_by=22 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_lc_lo hicc4=$ht_lc_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_lc_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=14 off_by=13
locc4=$ht_qo_lo hicc4=$ht_qo_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_qo_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=24 off_by=23 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_qo_lo hicc4=$ht_qo_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_qo_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=15 off_by=14
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_ho_lo hicc4=$ht_ho_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_ho_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=25 off_by=24 ampeg_release=0.2
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_ho_lo hicc4=$ht_ho_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_ho_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=16 off_by=15
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=22 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_open_lo hicc4=$ht_open_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_open_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvartkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=26 off_by=25 ampeg_release=0.2
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=22 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_open_lo hicc4=$ht_open_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_open_oh.sfz"

//Stick shank hits

<master> key=$htclsskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=11 off_by=10
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_tc_s_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htclsskey amplitude_cc101=100 group=21 off_by=20 ampeg_release=0.2
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_tc_s_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=12 off_by=11
locc4=$ht_cl_lo hicc4=$ht_cl_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_cl_s_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc101=100 group=22 off_by=21 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_cl_lo hicc4=$ht_cl_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_cl_s_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=13 off_by=12
locc4=$ht_lc_lo hicc4=$ht_lc_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_lc_s_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc101=10 group=23 off_by=22 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_lc_lo hicc4=$ht_lc_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_lc_s_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=14 off_by=13
locc4=$ht_qo_lo hicc4=$ht_qo_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_qo_s_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc101=100 group=24 off_by=23 ampeg_release=0.2
locc4=$ht_qo_lo hicc4=$ht_qo_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_qo_s_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=15 off_by=14
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_ho_lo hicc4=$ht_ho_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_ho_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc101=100 group=25 off_by=24 ampeg_release=0.2
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=21 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_ho_lo hicc4=$ht_ho_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_ho_oh.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc100=100 group=16 off_by=15
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=22 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_open_lo hicc4=$ht_open_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_open_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htvarskey amplitude_cc101=100 group=26 off_by=25 ampeg_release=0.2
amplitude_oncc4=100 amplitude_curvecc4=22 amplitude_smoothcc4=150
locc4=$ht_open_lo hicc4=$ht_open_hi
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_open_oh.sfz"

//Footsplashes are the only self-muting group

<master> key=$htsplkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=17 off_by=17
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_footspl_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htsplkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=27 off_by=27 ampeg_release=0.2
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_footspl_oh.sfz"

//Stick hits on the shaft, not involved in muting

<master> key=$htperckey amplitude_cc100=100
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_perc_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htperckey amplitude_cc101=100
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_perc_oh.sfz"

//Hi hat pedal return noises, muted by anything else

<master> key=$htretkey amplitude_cc100=100 group=18 off_by=17
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_return_cl.sfz"

<master> key=$htretkey amplitude_cc101=100 group=28 off_by=27 ampeg_release=0.2
#include "mappings/hihat_14/ht_return_oh.sfz"

//Hat mute silence groups
<master> seq_length=1

<group> group=18
//The range which mutes hi-hat pedal return noises
//Everything except themselves
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=17
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=17
//The range which mutes footsplashes
//Everything except pedal return noises and open
//Footsplashes are the only articulation which mutes itself
//Splash also mutes splash, but key=$htsplkey is not part of this silence group
//Instead splash regions themselves are marked with group=17 also
//Kind of a kludge, but keeps the silence from instantly muting the splash
//while allowing a subsequent splash to mute the current splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=17
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi

<group> group=15
//The range which mutes open hi-hats
//Everything except pedal return noises and open
//Just like the footsplash mute group, except the footsplash key is in this too
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=14
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=14
//The range which mutes half open hi-hats
//Everything except open and half-open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=13
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_ho_lo hicc4=$mg_ho_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_ho_lo hicc4=$mg_ho_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=13
//The range which mutes quarter open hi-hats
//Everything except open, half-open and quarter open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=12
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_qo_lo hicc4=$mg_qo_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_qo_lo hicc4=$mg_qo_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=12
//The range which mutes loosely closed hi-hats
//Everything except open, half-open, quarter open and loosely closed
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=11
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_lc_lo hicc4=$mg_lc_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_lc_lo hicc4=$mg_lc_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=11
//The range which mutes regular closed hi-hats
//Just foot chik, tightly closed and footsplash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=10
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=10
//The range which mutes tightly closed hi-hats - just foot chik and footsplash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=28
//The range which mutes hi-hat pedal return noises
//Everything except themselves
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=27
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=27
//The range which mutes footsplashes
//Everything except pedal return noises and open
//Footsplashes are the only articulation which mutes itself
//Splash also mutes splash, but key=$htsplkey is not part of this silence group
//Instead splash regions themselves are marked with group=27 also
//Kind of a kludge, but keeps the silence from instantly muting the splash
//while allowing a subsequent splash to mute the current splash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=27
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi

<group> group=25
//The range which mutes open hi-hats
//Everything except pedal return noises and open
//Just like the footsplash mute group, except the footsplash key is in this too
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=24
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_open_lo hicc4=$mg_open_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=24
//The range which mutes half open hi-hats
//Everything except open and half-open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=23
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_ho_lo hicc4=$mg_ho_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_ho_lo hicc4=$mg_ho_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=23
//The range which mutes quarter open hi-hats
//Everything except open, half-open and quarter open
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=22
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_qo_lo hicc4=$mg_qo_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_qo_lo hicc4=$mg_qo_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=22
//The range which mutes loosely closed hi-hats
//Everything except open, half-open, quarter open and loosely closed
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=21
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htvartkey locc4=$mg_lc_lo hicc4=$mg_lc_hi
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htvarskey locc4=$mg_lc_lo hicc4=$mg_lc_hi
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=21
//The range which mutes regular closed hi-hats
//Just foot chik, tightly closed and footsplash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
off_by=20
<region> key=$htclstkey
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htclsskey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<group> group=20
//The range which mutes tightly closed hi-hats - just foot chik and footsplash
sample=*silence
loop_mode=loop_continuous off_mode=fast
ampeg_attack=0 ampeg_decay=0 ampeg_sustain=0 ampeg_release=0
<region> key=$htchkkey
<region> key=$htsplkey

<curve>curve_index=21
v000=0.13
v037=0.8
v077=1
v127=1

<curve>curve_index=22
v000=0.1
v037=0.7
v077=1
v127=1